One of the key conditions for ensuring the preservation of historical buildings is maintaining a stable temperature and humidity regime. A disruption in the normal humidity level leads to the decomposition and destruction of materials and decorative elements due to chemical processes. The primary cause of humidity in monuments is the absorption of water vapor from the air by walls and the capillary phenomenon. Moisture resulting from precipitation or snowmelt is less harmful.
Changes in the hydrogeological conditions of the monument’s area, malfunctioning ventilation systems, and other factors may contribute to the disruption of the monument’s temperature and humidity regime. To maintain an optimal temperature and humidity level, it is crucial to follow the guidelines below: continuously monitor indoor air temperature and humidity changes, identify moisture and salt distribution in building materials, and track their seasonal fluctuations. It is also essential to regularly observe temperature and humidity levels in specific parts of the monument, considering daily, seasonal, and annual variations. Additionally, the groundwater level around the monument should be measured regularly.
Another important aspect is assessing the impact of air circulation caused by individual visitors and group excursions within the building space. Comprehensive research on the monument’s materials, including their composition and physico-chemical properties, is necessary. Constant monitoring of external weather conditions, as well as the temperature and humidity levels of materials, is essential to develop a comprehensive analysis.
In essence, studying the temperature and humidity conditions of monuments is a long-term process. It involves a scientific and analytical system of continuous research that extends over several years.

S. Rustemov, Engineer for Temperature and Humidity Control.