The gate Darbaza located 400 meters northwest of the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. Coordinates: 43.3005884, 068.2690768. It is one of the four historical gates of Turkistan. The gate was restored based on a lithographic image published in 1885 in the book “Picturesque Russia”. The name “Darbaza” is associated with a large irrigation ditch drawn from the “Zhіnіshke” canal to fill the moat surrounding the city. The word “darbaza” means “gate”. In Nurtas Ondasynov’s Persian-Kazakh Dictionary, this word noted “dәruaza–darbaza – open door, main gate of a city or fortress”. Usually city gates were high and wide that opened on both sides. The Darbaza served as the northern gate of the city. Through this gate passed delivery of lime, alabaster, pure clay without admixtures from Sauran, fired bricks, lead from Karatau, coal, as well as all the minerals and metals needed for the production of glazed tiles used in the construction of the mausoleum. In addition, through these gates were brought meat and animal fat from Saryarka to the builders. Originally, the western gate of the city was called “Zheti ata”, the eastern – “Musalla”, and the southern – “Takia”. They emerged as caravan routes leading to Turkistan. Over time, residential houses, caravanserais (manzel), inns, shops, canteens, and teahouses began to appear along these roads, gradually turning them into the city’s main streets. When in the 15th century a fortress wall was erected around the 34-hectare city, at the sides to these roads were built gates. On the city plan of 1951 seen two historical stages of the gates: in blue are marked the boundaries of the city and the gates of the 15th century, in red is the territory (88.7 ha) newly fortified by the Kokand Khanate in 1843–1849, when were constructed four main gates (№ 1, 3, 4, 5), and also two openings without towers, built in the form of closed passages (№ 2, 6). The gate Darbaza is marked under number five. In 2009–2010, the gate was restored by the RSE “Kazkaitazhanartu”.

Литература:

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